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This study compares how fertility and mortality components are specified in official subnational population projections in eight countries—the United States, Canada, Brazil, the United Kingdom (England), Norway, Denmark, Australia, and Japan—and draws implications for provincial and municipal projections in Korea. The comparison focuses on baseline-rate stabilization, future overall levels and age patterns, regional differentials, linkages and reconciliation across spatial hierarchies, and scenario design. Three findings emerge. First, many countries combine future trajectories specified at the national or higher spatial level with regional differentials rather than independently forecasting age-specific rates for each area over the long term. Second, statistical refinement is used mainly to reduce instability in baseline rates caused by small numbers and to estimate relative regional positions, using methods such as multi-year averaging, smoothing, borrowing information from higher spatial levels, and empirical Bayes estimation. Third, spatial hierarchy functions as a key methodological device for stabilizing baseline rates, transmitting future assumptions, and reconciling projections across spatial levels. For Korea, the findings suggest distinguishing the roles of statistical models and demographic assumptions: national projections would set long-term trajectories and scenarios, regional projections would serve as intermediate reference units for regional levels and age patterns, and local projections would focus on estimating stabilized relative differentials and short-term local characteristics. Such alternatives should be compared with existing models through backtesting in terms of accuracy, stability, interpretability, and maintainability, and adopted selectively when they show sustained improvement.
본 연구는 미국, 캐나다, 브라질, 영국(잉글랜드), 노르웨이, 덴마크, 오스트레일리아, 일본의 공식 지역 인구추계에서 출산력과 사망력 컴포넌트가 어떻게 설정되는지를 비교하고, 이를 바탕으로 한국의 시도 및 시군구 추계 방법의 개선 방향을 제시하였다. 비교는 기준율의 안정화, 장래의 전체 수준과 연령별 패턴, 지역의 상대적 차이, 공간층위 간 연계와 정합화, 장래 시나리오를 중심으로 이루어졌다. 분석 결과, 첫째, 여러 국가에서는 각 지역의 연령별 비율을 독립적으로 장기 예측하기보다 전국 또는 상위 공간층위에서 설정한 장래 경로와 지역의 상대차를 결합한다. 둘째, 통계적 정교화는 작은 수에 따른 기준율의 불안정성을 완화하고 지역의 상대적 위치를 추정하는 데 주로 활용되며, 다년 평균, 평활화, 상위 공간층위의 정보 차용, 경험적 베이즈 등의 방법이 사용된다. 셋째, 공간층위는 기준율의 안정화, 장래 가정의 전달, 공간층위 간 정합화를 위한 핵심적인 방법론적 장치로 기능한다. 이에 따라 한국에서도 통계 모형과 인구학적 장래 가정의 역할을 구분하고, 전국은 장기 경로와 시나리오, 시도는 중간 준거와 지역별 수준 및 연령 패턴, 시군구는 안정화된 상대차와 단기적 지역 특성의 추정에 집중하는 체계를 검토할 필요가 있다. 이러한 대안은 현행 모형과의 사후 검증을 통해 정확성, 안정성, 설명 가능성 및 유지 관리성을 비교한 뒤 선택적으로 도입하는 것이 바람직하다.
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- Publisher :The Association of Korean Geographers
- Publisher(Ko) :한국지리학회
- Journal Title :Journal of the Association of Korean Geographers
- Journal Title(Ko) :한국지리학회지
- Volume : 15
- No :3
- Pages :499~521
- DOI :https://doi.org/10.25202/JAKG.15.3.8


Journal of the Association of Korean Geographers





