Understanding the Transport Mechanism of Paleo-deposits in the Sonoran Desert with Grain Size Distribution and Shape Analysis

doi:10.25202/JAKG.9.2.3

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Understanding the Transport Mechanism of Paleo-deposits in the Sonoran Desert with Grain Size Distribution and Shape Analysis 입자 크기와 입자 형상 분석을 통해 살펴본 소노란 사막 고퇴적층의 형성과정: 정아라

2020. pp. 265~279

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References

Alizai, A., Carter, A., Clift, P.D., VanLaningham, S., Williams, J.C., and Kumar, R., 2011, Sediment provenance, reworking and transport processes in the Indus River by U–Pb dating of detrital zircon grains, Global and Planetary Change, 76, 33-55.
Allen, C., Swetnam, T., and Betancourt, J., 1998, Landscape changes in the southwestern United States: Techniques, long-term data sets, and trends, in Sisk, T.D., ed., Perspectives on the Land-Use History of North America: A Context for Understanding Our Changing Environment, Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Geological Survey, 71-84.
Bagnold, R.A., 1941, The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes, London: Methuen.
Belnap, J., Munson, S.M., and Field, J. P., 2011, Aeolian and fluvial processes in dryland regions: The need for integrated studies, Ecohydrology, 4(5), 615-622.
Blott, S.J. and Pye, K., 2001, GRADISTAT: A grain size distribution and statistics package for the analysis of unconsolidated sediments, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 26(11), 1237-1248.
Bullard, J.E., 1997, A note on the use of the “Fryberger method” for evaluating potential sand transport by wind, Journal of Sedimentary Research, 67(3), 499-501.
Bullard, J.E. and Livingstone, I., 2002, Interactions between aeolian and fluvial systems in dryland environments, Area, 34(1), 8-16.
Chakroun, A., Miskovsky, J.C., and Zaghbib-Turki, D., 2009, Quartz grain surface features in environmental determination of aeolian Quaternary deposits in northeastern Tunisia, Mineralogical Magazine, 73(4), 607-614.
Choi, K.H., 2020, Grain Size Analysis Using Morphological Properties of Grain, Journal of the Korean Geomorphological Association, 27(2), 19-28 (in Korean).
cli-MATE, Midwestern Regional Climate Center, Illinois State Water Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (http://mrcc. illinois.edu/CLIMATE).
Cook, E.R., Seager, R., Cane, M.A., and Stahle, D.W., 2007, North American drought: Reconstructions, causes, and consequences. Earth Science Reviews, 81, 93-134.
Dorn, R. I., Skotnicki, S. J., Wittman, A., and Van Soest, M., 2020, Provenance in drainage integration research: Case studies from the Phoenix metropolitan area, south-central Arizona, Geomorphology (in press).
Eamer, J.B.R., Shugar, D.H., Walker, I.J., Lian, O.B., and Neudorf, C.M., 2017, Distinguishing depositional setting for sandy deposits in coastal landscapes using grain shape, Journal of Sedimentary Research, 87(1), 1-11.
Folk, R.L. and Ward, W.C., 1957, Brazos River bar: A study in the significance of grain size parameters, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 27(1), 3-26.
Fryberger, S.G., 1979, Dune forms and wind regime, in McKee, E.D., ed., A Study of Global Sand Seas, USGS Professional Paper, Vol. 1052, Washington D.C.: US Geological Survey and United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 137-169.
Hong, S., 2018, A review on OSL age results of marine terrace deposits in Korea, Journal of the Association of Korean Geographers, 7(2), 157-164 (in Korean).
Jeong, A., 2019, Sediment accumulation expectations for growing desert cities: A realistic desired outcome to be used in constructing appropriately sized sediment storage of flood control structures, Environmental Research Letters, 14(12), 125005 (https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab30e5).
Jeong, A., 2020, Spatial analysis for detrital zircon provenance study: An initial study, Journal of the Korean Geographical Society (in press).
Jeong, A., Cheung, S.Y., Walker, I.J., and Dorn, R.I., 2018, Urban geomorphology of an arid city: Case study of Phoenix, Arizona, in Thornbush, M.J. and Allen, C.D., eds., Urban Geomorphology, Landforms and Processes in Cities, Cambridge, MA: Elsevier, 177-204.
Jeong, A. and Dorn, R.I., 2019, Soil erosion from urbanization processes in the Sonoran Desert, Arizona, USA, Land Degradation & Development, 30(2), 226-238.
Jung H.K. and Park, J.-H., 2019, Possibility of paleoclimatic environmental change and human influence around Haman Seongsan Fortress, Journal of the Association of Korean Geographers, 8(1), 71-78 (in Korean).
Kim, J.Y., Yi, S.H., and Kim, J.W., 2012, A study on mountain stream type deposit at Suhang Valley in Odaecheon, Journal of the Association of Korean Geographers, 1(1), 75-90 (in Korean).
Kim, J.Y. and Shin, W.J., 2014, A study on the characteristic of sediment particles of glacial period in the Suip River, Yanggu, Journal of the Association of Korean Geographers, 3(1), 53-66 (in Korean).
Kim, Y.R., 2007, Properties of local loess of small basin in Charyong Ranges-Iljuk, Anseong City, Central Korea, Journal of the Korean Geomorphological Association, 14(2), 67-81 (in Korean).
Krinsley, D.H. and Smalley, I.J., 1972, Sand: The study of quartz sand in sediments provides much information about ancient geological environments, American Scientist, 60(3), 286-291.
Krinsley, D.H. and Doornkamp, J.C., 1973, Atlas of Sand Grain Surface Textures, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Krumbein, W.C., 1941, Measurement and geological significance of shape and roundness of sedimentary particles, Journal of Sedimentary Research, 11(2), 64-72.
Krumbein, W.C. and Pettijohn, F.J., 1938, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography, New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Laney, R.L. and Hahn, M.E., 1986, Hydrogeology of the eastern part of the Salt River Valley area, Maricopa and Pinal Counties, Arizona, in US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report, No. 86-4147 (4 sheets).
Lettau, K. and Lettau, H.H., 1978, Experimental and micrometeorological field studies on dune migration, in Lettau, K. and Lettau, H.H., eds., Exploring the World’s Driest Climate, IES Report, Vol. 101, Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 110-147.
Lozano-García, M.S., Ortega-Guerrero, B., and Sosa-Nájera, S., 2002, Mid-to late-Wisconsin pollen record of San Felipe basin, Baja California, Quaternary Research, 58(1), 84-92.
Mazzullo, J.I.M., Sims, D., and Cunningham, D., 1986, The effects of eolian sorting and abrasion upon the shapes of fine quartz sand grains, Journal of Sedimentary Research, 56(1), 45-56.
McAuliffe, J.R. and van Devender, T.R., 1998, A 22,000-year record of vegetation change in the north-central Sonoran Desert, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 141(3-4), 253-275.
Muhs, D.R., Reynolds, R.L., Been, J., and Skipp, G., 2003, Eolian sand transport pathways in the southwestern United States: Importance of the Colorado River and local sources, Quaternary International, 104(1), 3-18.
Oh, J.S., 2018, Discussion on the characteristics and formation age of the reddish-yellow semi-consolidation deposits, west coast of Korea: Comparison with the Ujeon coast deposits in Jeungdo, Journal of the Association of Korean Geographers, 7(1), 55-68 (in Korean).
Oh, J.S., Seong, Y.B., Larson, P.H., Hong, S.C., and Yu, B.Y., 2020, Asymmetric hillslope retreat revealed from talus flatirons on rock peak, San Tan Mountains, Arizona, United States: Assessing caprock lithology control on landscape evolution, Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 110(1), 98-119.
Oh, K-S. and Kim, N-S., 1994, Origin and post-depositional deformation of the superficial formations covering basalt plateau in Chungok area, The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research, 8(1), 43-68 (in Korean).
Page, K.J., 1971, Riverine source bordering sand dune, Australian Geographer, 11(6), 603-605.
Page, K.J., Dare-Edwards, A.J., Owens, J.W., Frazier, P.S., Kellett, J., and Price, D.M., 2001, TL chronology and stratigraphy of riverine source bordering sand dunes near Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia, Quaternary International, 83, 187–193.
Park, C.S., Yoon, S.O., and Hwang, S.I., 2007, Results and discussion for loess research in Korea, Journal of the Korean Geomorphological Association, 14(4), 29-45 (in Korean).
Park, C.S., Yoon, S.O., and Hwang, S.I., 2014, Formative process and sedimentary environment of loess sediments around Mt. Bulhwa, Gangneung-si, South Korea, Journal of the Korean Geomorphological Association, 21(3), 49-61 (in Korean).
Park, D.W., 1985, A study on the loessial red yellow soil of Hwangsan, Kimje county and Gamgok, Chungeup county of the south western coastal area of Korea, Geography, 20(2), 1-10 (in Korean).
Pearce, K.I. and Walker, I.J., 2005, Frequency and magnitude biases in the ‘Fryberger’ model, with implications for characterizing geomorphically effective winds, Geomorphology, 68(1-2), 39-55.
Rajganapathi, V.C., Jitheshkumar, N., Sundararajan, M., Bhat, K.H., and Velusamy, S., 2013, Grain size analysis and characterization of sedimentary environment along Thiruchendur coast, Tamilnadu, India, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 6(12), 4717-4728.
Seong, Y.B., Dorn, R.I., and Yu, B.Y., 2016a, Evaluating the life expectancy of a desert pavement, Earth-Science Reviews, 162, 129-154.
Seong, Y.B., Larson, P.H., Dorn, R.I., and Yu, B.Y., 2016b, Evaluating process domains in small arid granitic watersheds: Case study of Pima Wash, South Mountains, Sonoran Desert, USA, Geomorphology, 255, 108-124.
Skotnicki, S.J., Seong, Y.B., Dorn, R.I., Larson, P.H., and DePonty, J., 2020, Drainage integration of the Salt and Verde Rivers in a Basin and Range extensional landscape, central Arizona, USA, Geomorphology (in press).
Skotnicki, S.J. and DePonty, J., 2020, Subsurface evidence for the initial integration of the Salt River, Arizona, using clast assembles of subsurface drill cuttings, Geomorphology (in press).
Spencer, J.E. and Reynolds, S.J., 1989, Middle tertiary tectonics of Arizona and adjacent areas, Arizona Geological Society Digest, 17, 539-574.
Stahle, D.W., Fye, F.K., Cook, E.R., and Griffin, R.D., 2007, Tree-ring reconstructed megadroughts over North America since AD 1300, Climatic Change, 83, 133-149.
Szabó, T., Domokos, G., Grotzinger, J.P., and Jerolmack, D.J., 2015, Reconstructing the transport history of pebbles on Mars, Nature Communications, 6(1), 1-7.
van Devender, T.R., 1990, Late Quaternary vegetation and climate of the Sonoran Desert, United States and Mexico, in Betancourt, J.L., van Devender, T.R., and Martin, P.S., eds., Packrat Middens: The Last 40,000 Years of Biotic Change, Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, 134–165.
Wadell, H., 1932, Volume, shape, and roundness of rock particles, The Journal of Geology, 40(5), 443-451.
Wright, D.K., Forman, S.L., Waters, M.R., and Ravesloot, J.C., 2011, Holocene eolian activation as a proxy for broad-scale landscape change on the Gila River Indian Community, Arizona, Quaternary Research, 76(1), 10-21.
Yoon, S.O., Park, C.S., Hwang, S.I., and Naruse, T., 2007, Weathering characteristics of loess-paleosol sequence at the Daecheon area, South Korea, Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, 43(3), 281-296 (in Korean).
Yoon, S.O., Park, C.S., and Hwang, S.I., 2012, The formation and characteristics of loess sediments during the last glacial period in the Eonyang area, Ulsan-si, Korea, Journal of the Korean Geomorphological Association, 20(3), 1-14 (in Korean).
Yoon, S.O., Park, C.S., and Hwang, S.I., 2013, Formation and sedimentary environment of loess-paleosol sequence in the Jincheon Basin, Chungbuk Province, Korea, Journal of the Korean Geomorphological Association, 20(3), 1-14 (in Korean).
Arizona State Climatologists office, https://azclimate.asu.edu

Information

Publisher :The Association of Korean Geographers
Publisher(Ko) :한국지리학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Association of Korean Geographers
Journal Title(Ko) :한국지리학회지
Volume : 9
No :2
Pages :265~279
DOI :https://doi.org/10.25202/JAKG.9.2.3

[1] Alizai, A., Carter, A., Clift, P.D., VanLaningham, S., Williams, J.C., and Kumar, R., 2011, Sediment provenance, reworking and transport processes in the Indus River by U–Pb dating of detrital zircon grains, Global and Planetary Change, 76, 33-55.

[2] Allen, C., Swetnam, T., and Betancourt, J., 1998, Landscape changes in the southwestern United States: Techniques, long-term data sets, and trends, in Sisk, T.D., ed., Perspectives on the Land-Use History of North America: A Context for Understanding Our Changing Environment, Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Geological Survey, 71-84.

[3] Bagnold, R.A., 1941, The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes, London: Methuen.

[4] Belnap, J., Munson, S.M., and Field, J. P., 2011, Aeolian and fluvial processes in dryland regions: The need for integrated studies, Ecohydrology, 4(5), 615-622.

[5] Blott, S.J. and Pye, K., 2001, GRADISTAT: A grain size distribution and statistics package for the analysis of unconsolidated sediments, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 26(11), 1237-1248.

[6] Bullard, J.E., 1997, A note on the use of the “Fryberger method” for evaluating potential sand transport by wind, Journal of Sedimentary Research, 67(3), 499-501.

[7] Bullard, J.E. and Livingstone, I., 2002, Interactions between aeolian and fluvial systems in dryland environments, Area, 34(1), 8-16.

[8] Chakroun, A., Miskovsky, J.C., and Zaghbib-Turki, D., 2009, Quartz grain surface features in environmental determination of aeolian Quaternary deposits in northeastern Tunisia, Mineralogical Magazine, 73(4), 607-614.

[9] Choi, K.H., 2020, Grain Size Analysis Using Morphological Properties of Grain, Journal of the Korean Geomorphological Association, 27(2), 19-28 (in Korean).

[10] cli-MATE, Midwestern Regional Climate Center, Illinois State Water Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (http://mrcc. illinois.edu/CLIMATE).

[11] Cook, E.R., Seager, R., Cane, M.A., and Stahle, D.W., 2007, North American drought: Reconstructions, causes, and consequences. Earth Science Reviews, 81, 93-134.

[12] Dorn, R. I., Skotnicki, S. J., Wittman, A., and Van Soest, M., 2020, Provenance in drainage integration research: Case studies from the Phoenix metropolitan area, south-central Arizona, Geomorphology (in press).

[13] Eamer, J.B.R., Shugar, D.H., Walker, I.J., Lian, O.B., and Neudorf, C.M., 2017, Distinguishing depositional setting for sandy deposits in coastal landscapes using grain shape, Journal of Sedimentary Research, 87(1), 1-11.

[14] Folk, R.L. and Ward, W.C., 1957, Brazos River bar: A study in the significance of grain size parameters, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 27(1), 3-26.

[15] Fryberger, S.G., 1979, Dune forms and wind regime, in McKee, E.D., ed., A Study of Global Sand Seas, USGS Professional Paper, Vol. 1052, Washington D.C.: US Geological Survey and United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 137-169.

[16] Hong, S., 2018, A review on OSL age results of marine terrace deposits in Korea, Journal of the Association of Korean Geographers, 7(2), 157-164 (in Korean).

[17] Jeong, A., 2019, Sediment accumulation expectations for growing desert cities: A realistic desired outcome to be used in constructing appropriately sized sediment storage of flood control structures, Environmental Research Letters, 14(12), 125005 (https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab30e5).

[18] Jeong, A., 2020, Spatial analysis for detrital zircon provenance study: An initial study, Journal of the Korean Geographical Society (in press).

[19] Jeong, A., Cheung, S.Y., Walker, I.J., and Dorn, R.I., 2018, Urban geomorphology of an arid city: Case study of Phoenix, Arizona, in Thornbush, M.J. and Allen, C.D., eds., Urban Geomorphology, Landforms and Processes in Cities, Cambridge, MA: Elsevier, 177-204.

[20] Jeong, A. and Dorn, R.I., 2019, Soil erosion from urbanization processes in the Sonoran Desert, Arizona, USA, Land Degradation & Development, 30(2), 226-238.

[21] Jung H.K. and Park, J.-H., 2019, Possibility of paleoclimatic environmental change and human influence around Haman Seongsan Fortress, Journal of the Association of Korean Geographers, 8(1), 71-78 (in Korean).

[22] Kim, J.Y., Yi, S.H., and Kim, J.W., 2012, A study on mountain stream type deposit at Suhang Valley in Odaecheon, Journal of the Association of Korean Geographers, 1(1), 75-90 (in Korean).

[23] Kim, J.Y. and Shin, W.J., 2014, A study on the characteristic of sediment particles of glacial period in the Suip River, Yanggu, Journal of the Association of Korean Geographers, 3(1), 53-66 (in Korean).

[24] Kim, Y.R., 2007, Properties of local loess of small basin in Charyong Ranges-Iljuk, Anseong City, Central Korea, Journal of the Korean Geomorphological Association, 14(2), 67-81 (in Korean).

[25] Krinsley, D.H. and Smalley, I.J., 1972, Sand: The study of quartz sand in sediments provides much information about ancient geological environments, American Scientist, 60(3), 286-291.

[26] Krinsley, D.H. and Doornkamp, J.C., 1973, Atlas of Sand Grain Surface Textures, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[27] Krumbein, W.C., 1941, Measurement and geological significance of shape and roundness of sedimentary particles, Journal of Sedimentary Research, 11(2), 64-72.

[28] Krumbein, W.C. and Pettijohn, F.J., 1938, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography, New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.

[29] Laney, R.L. and Hahn, M.E., 1986, Hydrogeology of the eastern part of the Salt River Valley area, Maricopa and Pinal Counties, Arizona, in US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report, No. 86-4147 (4 sheets).

[30] Lettau, K. and Lettau, H.H., 1978, Experimental and micrometeorological field studies on dune migration, in Lettau, K. and Lettau, H.H., eds., Exploring the World’s Driest Climate, IES Report, Vol. 101, Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 110-147.

[31] Lozano-García, M.S., Ortega-Guerrero, B., and Sosa-Nájera, S., 2002, Mid-to late-Wisconsin pollen record of San Felipe basin, Baja California, Quaternary Research, 58(1), 84-92.

[32] Mazzullo, J.I.M., Sims, D., and Cunningham, D., 1986, The effects of eolian sorting and abrasion upon the shapes of fine quartz sand grains, Journal of Sedimentary Research, 56(1), 45-56.

[33] McAuliffe, J.R. and van Devender, T.R., 1998, A 22,000-year record of vegetation change in the north-central Sonoran Desert, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 141(3-4), 253-275.

[34] Muhs, D.R., Reynolds, R.L., Been, J., and Skipp, G., 2003, Eolian sand transport pathways in the southwestern United States: Importance of the Colorado River and local sources, Quaternary International, 104(1), 3-18.

[35] Oh, J.S., 2018, Discussion on the characteristics and formation age of the reddish-yellow semi-consolidation deposits, west coast of Korea: Comparison with the Ujeon coast deposits in Jeungdo, Journal of the Association of Korean Geographers, 7(1), 55-68 (in Korean).

[36] Oh, J.S., Seong, Y.B., Larson, P.H., Hong, S.C., and Yu, B.Y., 2020, Asymmetric hillslope retreat revealed from talus flatirons on rock peak, San Tan Mountains, Arizona, United States: Assessing caprock lithology control on landscape evolution, Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 110(1), 98-119.

[37] Oh, K-S. and Kim, N-S., 1994, Origin and post-depositional deformation of the superficial formations covering basalt plateau in Chungok area, The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research, 8(1), 43-68 (in Korean).

[38] Page, K.J., 1971, Riverine source bordering sand dune, Australian Geographer, 11(6), 603-605.

[39] Page, K.J., Dare-Edwards, A.J., Owens, J.W., Frazier, P.S., Kellett, J., and Price, D.M., 2001, TL chronology and stratigraphy of riverine source bordering sand dunes near Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia, Quaternary International, 83, 187–193.

[40] Park, C.S., Yoon, S.O., and Hwang, S.I., 2007, Results and discussion for loess research in Korea, Journal of the Korean Geomorphological Association, 14(4), 29-45 (in Korean).

[41] Park, C.S., Yoon, S.O., and Hwang, S.I., 2014, Formative process and sedimentary environment of loess sediments around Mt. Bulhwa, Gangneung-si, South Korea, Journal of the Korean Geomorphological Association, 21(3), 49-61 (in Korean).

[42] Park, D.W., 1985, A study on the loessial red yellow soil of Hwangsan, Kimje county and Gamgok, Chungeup county of the south western coastal area of Korea, Geography, 20(2), 1-10 (in Korean).

[43] Pearce, K.I. and Walker, I.J., 2005, Frequency and magnitude biases in the ‘Fryberger’ model, with implications for characterizing geomorphically effective winds, Geomorphology, 68(1-2), 39-55.

[44] Rajganapathi, V.C., Jitheshkumar, N., Sundararajan, M., Bhat, K.H., and Velusamy, S., 2013, Grain size analysis and characterization of sedimentary environment along Thiruchendur coast, Tamilnadu, India, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 6(12), 4717-4728.

[45] Seong, Y.B., Dorn, R.I., and Yu, B.Y., 2016a, Evaluating the life expectancy of a desert pavement, Earth-Science Reviews, 162, 129-154.

[46] Seong, Y.B., Larson, P.H., Dorn, R.I., and Yu, B.Y., 2016b, Evaluating process domains in small arid granitic watersheds: Case study of Pima Wash, South Mountains, Sonoran Desert, USA, Geomorphology, 255, 108-124.

[47] Skotnicki, S.J., Seong, Y.B., Dorn, R.I., Larson, P.H., and DePonty, J., 2020, Drainage integration of the Salt and Verde Rivers in a Basin and Range extensional landscape, central Arizona, USA, Geomorphology (in press).

[48] Skotnicki, S.J. and DePonty, J., 2020, Subsurface evidence for the initial integration of the Salt River, Arizona, using clast assembles of subsurface drill cuttings, Geomorphology (in press).

[49] Spencer, J.E. and Reynolds, S.J., 1989, Middle tertiary tectonics of Arizona and adjacent areas, Arizona Geological Society Digest, 17, 539-574.

[50] Stahle, D.W., Fye, F.K., Cook, E.R., and Griffin, R.D., 2007, Tree-ring reconstructed megadroughts over North America since AD 1300, Climatic Change, 83, 133-149.

[51] Szabó, T., Domokos, G., Grotzinger, J.P., and Jerolmack, D.J., 2015, Reconstructing the transport history of pebbles on Mars, Nature Communications, 6(1), 1-7.

[52] van Devender, T.R., 1990, Late Quaternary vegetation and climate of the Sonoran Desert, United States and Mexico, in Betancourt, J.L., van Devender, T.R., and Martin, P.S., eds., Packrat Middens: The Last 40,000 Years of Biotic Change, Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, 134–165.

[53] Wadell, H., 1932, Volume, shape, and roundness of rock particles, The Journal of Geology, 40(5), 443-451.

[54] Wright, D.K., Forman, S.L., Waters, M.R., and Ravesloot, J.C., 2011, Holocene eolian activation as a proxy for broad-scale landscape change on the Gila River Indian Community, Arizona, Quaternary Research, 76(1), 10-21.

[55] Yoon, S.O., Park, C.S., Hwang, S.I., and Naruse, T., 2007, Weathering characteristics of loess-paleosol sequence at the Daecheon area, South Korea, Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, 43(3), 281-296 (in Korean).

[56] Yoon, S.O., Park, C.S., and Hwang, S.I., 2012, The formation and characteristics of loess sediments during the last glacial period in the Eonyang area, Ulsan-si, Korea, Journal of the Korean Geomorphological Association, 20(3), 1-14 (in Korean).

[57] Yoon, S.O., Park, C.S., and Hwang, S.I., 2013, Formation and sedimentary environment of loess-paleosol sequence in the Jincheon Basin, Chungbuk Province, Korea, Journal of the Korean Geomorphological Association, 20(3), 1-14 (in Korean).

[58] Arizona State Climatologists office, https://azclimate.asu.edu

Journal of the Association of Korean Geographers ISSN:2287-4739(Print) 2733-8991(Online) 한국지리학회지

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