All Issue

2024 Vol.13, Issue 3 Preview Page

Research Article

Analysis of Elementary Students’ Climate Change Perception Types: A Cluster Analysis Approach

초등학생 기후변화 인식 유형별 특성 분석: 군집분석을 통한 접근

홍서영1†

Suh-young Hong1†

1Teacher, Seoul Wonmyong Elementary School
1서울원명초등학교 교사
30 September 2024. pp. 255~269
PDF Citation
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the types of climate change awareness among elementary school students and analyze the characteristics of each type. The study was conducted at W Elementary School in Seoul, with 167 sixth-grade students from W Elementary School selected as the research subjects. The research was carried out in December 2023. The mean of the 5-point scale responses were calculated for each of the nine influencing factors of climate change risk perception and clustered using k-means cluster analysis. This resulted in three clusters, which we named cluster 1 as ‘risk perception concerned’, cluster 2 as ‘risk perception indifferent’, and cluster 3 as ‘passive behavior type of risk perception’. A chi-square test was conducted to determine the appropriate climate change education program according to the characteristics of these clusters. The results showed that elementary school students need experience in participating in various climate change response activities, active interaction with parents, increased internal willingness to participate, positive experiences in practice, and awareness of ecological citizenship.
Keywords
Climate change
Risk awareness
Climate change education
Climate crisis
Eco-citizenship
Ecological citizenship
본 연구는 초등학생들의 기후변화에 대한 인식 유형을 조사하고, 각 유형별 특성을 분석하기 위해 실시되었다. 연구 대상 학교는 서울 W초등학교로, W초등학교 6학년에 재학 중인 학생 167명을 연구 대상으로 선정하여 2023년 12월 중 연구를 수행하였다. 기후변화 위험인식을 9개로 구분한 영향 요인별로 5점 척도 응답의 평균을 계산하고, k-평균군집분석(k-means cluster analysis)을 사용하여 군집화했다. 그 결과 3개의 군집으로 분석되었으며, 군집 1의 경우 ‘위험인식 관심 유형’, 군집 2의 경우 ‘위험인식 무관심 유형’, 군집 3의 경우 ‘위험인식 소극적 행동 유형’이라고 명명하였다. 이러한 군집의 특징에 따라 그에 맞는 기후변화 교육을 실시하기 위해 교차분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 초등학생들에게는 다양한 기후변화 대응 활동에의 참여 경험, 부모와의 활발한 상호작용, 내적인 참여 의지 향상, 실천에의 긍정적인 경험, 생태시민으로서의 자각 등이 필요한 것을 알 수 있었다.
키워드
기후변화
위험인식
기후변화 교육
기후위기
생태시민
References
  1. 고문정･박재용, 2022, “시각 예술 자료를 활용한 기후변화 교육 프로그램이 초등학생의 기후변화 소양에 미치는 영향,” 에너지기후변화교육, 12(1), 13-33.
  2. 김미숙･고재경･김지현, 2007, “기후변화정책에 대한 주민지지 결정요인,” 국토계획, 42(4): 233-247.
  3. 김민정, 2018, “미세먼지 위험에 대한 인식과 소셜미디어 의존이 미세먼지에 대한 대응행동에 미치는 영향,” 연세대학교 석사학위 논문.
  4. 김민주･이성희･신동훈, 2023, “아동 권리 관련 기후위기 문제에 대한 아동･청소년 인식 및 대응 활동 참여 실태 조사,” 에너지기후변화교육, 13(1), 51-69.
  5. 김소이･방건우･최성균･최승우･신동훈, 2016, “기후변화 수업이 초등학생의 환경 태도와 과학에 대한 흥미에 미치는 영향-2015 개정 교육과정 분석 결과를 바탕으로,” 에너지기후변화교육, 6(2), 199-209. 10.22368/ksecce.2016.6.2.199
  6. 김찬국･최돈형, “2010, 우리나라 기후 변화 교육의 방향에 관한 고찰,” 환경교육, 23(1), 1-12.
  7. 김현정･유광민･김남조, 2014, “가치, 기후변화 문제지각 및 개인적 책임이 관광객의 친환경 행동에 미치는 영향,” 관광연구논총, 26(4), 43-66.
  8. 박우용･서은정, 2021, “중학생의 기후변화 위험인식 유형별 특징에 관한 연구,” 환경교육, 34(1), 63-80.
  9. 신원섭･신동훈, 2021, “초･중학생의 기후변화 태도, 탐구, 지식에 관한 연구,” 에너지기후변화교육, 11(2), 95-107.
  10. 오윤정･박예종･윤창근, 2023, “기후위기에 대한 가치와 인식이 정책 순응에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구,” 한국위기관리논집, 19(7), 103-121. 10.14251/crisisonomy.2023.19.7.103
  11. 유연재, 김서용, 2015, “가치, 경험, 지각: 원자력 수용성에서 가치 및 경험 기반 중층모형(Multi-layer Model)의 적합성에 대한 탐색적 연구,” Crisisonomy, 11(8), 175-197.
  12. 윤순진, 2009, “학교 기후변화 교육의 현황과 과제,” 환경교육, 22(2), 1-22.
  13. 이봉우･이세연･조헌국, 2021, “기후변화 소양 측정을 위한 기후변화 교육 관련 국제 연구 문헌 분석,” 에너지기후변화교육, 11(1), 79-94.
  14. 이승준, 김영욱, 2019, “한국인의 기후변화 위험인식 유형에 따른 소통방안,” 한국행정연구, 28(1), 1-31. 10.35159/kjss.2019.12.28.6.1
  15. 이영미･이성희･김기대, 2012, “생태 조사 교구를 활용한 과학 동아리 활동 프로그램이 초등학생의 과학탐구능력과 환경인식에 미치는 효과,” 교원교육, 28(2), 75-99.
  16. 이지윤･차용진, 2019, “위험커뮤니케이션의 기후변화 완화정책 영향요인 연구: 수도권 주민을 중심으로,” 한국정책학회보, 28(3), 63-96. 10.33900/KAPS.2019.28.3.3
  17. 장정헌･심재철, 2013, “지각된 위험과 자기효능감이 행동의도에 영향을 미치는 과정을 조절하는 낙관적 편견의 간접 효과에 관한 탐색적연구,” 한국언론학보, 57(1), 111-137.
  18. 조재형, 2017, 「위험사회」, 서울: 에이지이십일.
  19. 차주영･이희찬, 2017, “기후변화에 대한 인식이 기후변화대응 수요에 미치는 영향,” 환경정책, 25(4), 63-77. 10.15301/jepa.2017.25.4.63
  20. 채유정･박재용, “2023, AR 콘텐츠 제작 활동과 연계한 기후변화 교육 프로그램이 초등학생의 기후변화에 대한 인식 및 태도에 미치는 영향,” 에너지기후변화교육, 13(1), 1-21.
  21. 한국교육과정평가원, 2008, “중학교 환경교육 선진화 연구,” 한국교육과정평가원 연구보고 RRC 2008-8.
  22. 한국환경연구원, 2019, 2018 국민환경의식조사, KEI포커스, 7(8), 세종: 한국환경연구원.
  23. 한국환경연구원, 2023, 2022 국민환경의식조사, KEI포커스, 11(1), 세종: 한국환경연구원.
  24. Albrecht, G., 2012, Psychoterratic conditions in a scientific and technological world, in Kahn, P.H. and Has-bach, P.H., eds., Ecopsychology: Science, Totems, and the Technological Species, MIT Press, 241-264.
  25. Barraza, L. and Walford, R.A., 2002, Environmental education: A comparison between English and Mexican school children, Environmental Education Research, 8(2), 171-186. 10.1080/13504620220128239
  26. Beck, U., 1992, Risk Society: Toward a New Modernity, London: Sage(홍성태 역, 1997, 「위험사회」, 서울: 새물결).
  27. Böhm, G., 2003, Emotional reactions to environmental risks: consequentialist versus ethical evaluation, Environ Psychol, 23(2), 199-212. 10.1016/S0272-4944(02)00114-7
  28. Clayton, S. and Karazsia, B.T., 2020, Development and validation of a measure of climate change anxiety, Journal of environmental psychology, 69, 101434. 10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101434
  29. Costello, A., Abbas, M., Allen, A., Ball, S., Bell, S., Bellamy, R., and Patterson, C., 2009, Managing the health effects of climate change, The Lancet, 373, 1693-1733. 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60935-1
  30. Cunsolo, A. and Ellis, N.R., 2018, Ecological grief as a mental health response to climate change-related loss, Nature Climate Change, 8(4), 275-281. 10.1038/s41558-018-0092-2
  31. Durkalec, A., Furgal, C., Skinner, M.W., and Sheldon, T., 2015, Climate change influences on environment as a determinant of Indigenous health: Relationships to place, sea ice, and health in an Inuit community, Social science and medicine, 136, 17-26. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.04.026
  32. Gibson, K., Haslam, N., and Kaplan, I., 2019, Distressing encounters in the context of climate change: Idioms of distress, determinants, and responses to distress in Tuvalu, Transcultural Psychiatry, 56(4), 667-696. 10.1177/1363461519847057
  33. Haaland, T.N., 2019, Growing up to a disaster-How the youth conceptualize life and their future in anticipation of climate change, Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Stavanger, Norway.
  34. Hao, F. and Song, L., 2020, Environmental concern in China: A multilevel analysis, Chinese Sociological Review, 52(1), 1-26. 10.1080/21620555.2019.1654367
  35. Hogg, T.L., Stanley, S.K., O’Brien, L.V., Wilson, M.S., and Watsford, C.R., 2021, The Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale: Development and validation of a multidimensional scale, Global Environmental Change, 71, 102391. 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102391
  36. IPCC, 2023, Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland.
  37. Kasperson, R.E., Renn, O., Siovic, P., Brown, H.S., Ernel, J., Goble, R., Kasperson, J.S., and Ratick, S., 1988, The social amplification of risk: A conceptual framework, Risk Analysis, 8, 177-187. 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1988.tb01168.x
  38. Knafo, A. and Galansky, N., 2008, The influence of children on their parents’ values, Social and personality psychology compass, 2(3), 1143-1161. 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2008.00097.x
  39. Leiserowitz, A., Maibach, E., Rosenthal, S., Kotcher, J., Ballew, M., Goldberg, M., and Gustafson, A., 2018, Climate change in the American mind: December 2018, Yale University and George Mason University. New Haven, CT: Yale Program on Climate Change Communication, 48. 10.4324/9781315851853
  40. Lee, D.N., and Lim, C., 2019, Statistical methods for testing tumor heterogeneity, The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics, 32(3), 331-348.
  41. Lertzman, R., 2015, Environmental melancholia: psychoanalytic dimensions of engagement, Routledge/Taylor and Francis Group.
  42. Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pörtner, H.O., Roberts, D., Skea, J., Shukla, P.R., Pirani, A., Moufouma-Okia, W., Péan, C., Pidcock, R., Connors, S., Matthews, J.B.R., Chen, Y., Zhou, X., Gomis, M.I., Lonnov, E., Maycock, T., Tignor, M., Waterfield, T., 2018, Global warming of 1.5°C: an IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty. IPCC.
  43. McMichael, A.J., Campbell-Lendrum, D., Kovats, S., Edwards, S., Wilkinson, P., Wilson, T., and Andronova, N., 2004, Global Climate Change Geneva: WHO, World Health Organization, 1543-1650.
  44. Monroe, M.C., Plate, R.R., Oxarart, A., Bowers, A., and Chaves, W.A., 2019, Identifying effective climate change education strategies: A systematic review of the research, Environmental Education Research, 25(6), 791-812. 10.1080/13504622.2017.1360842
  45. Norgaard, K.M., 2006, “We don’t really want to know” environmental justice and socially organized denial of global warming in Norway, Organization and Environment, 19(3), 347-370. 10.1177/1086026606292571
  46. Norgaard, K.M., 2011, Living in denial: Climate change, emotions, and everyday life, MIT Press. 10.7551/mitpress/9780262015448.001.0001
  47. O’Connor, R.E., Bord, R.J., and Fisher., A., 1999, Risk perceptions, general environmental beliefs, and willingness to address climate change, Risk Analysis, 19(3), 461-471. 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1999.tb00421.x
  48. Ojala, M., 2012, How do children cope with global climate change? Coping strategies, engagement, and well-being, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 32, 225-233. 10.1016/j.jenvp.2012.02.004
  49. Pihkala, P., 2020a, Anxiety and the ecological crisis: An analysis of eco-anxiety and climate anxiety, Sustainability, 12(19), 7836. 10.3390/su12197836
  50. Pihkala, P., 2020b, Eco-anxiety and environmental education, Sustainability, 12(23), 10149. 10.3390/su122310149
  51. Pihkala, P., 2022, Toward a taxonomy of climate emotions. Frontiers in climate, 3, 738154. 10.3389/fclim.2021.738154
  52. Rees, J.H., Klug, S., and Bamberg, S., 2015, Guilty conscience: motivating pro-environmental behavior by inducing negative moral emotions, Climatic change, 130, 439-452. 10.1007/s10584-014-1278-x
  53. Reser, J.P. and Swim, J.K., 2011, Adapting to and coping with the threat and impacts of climate change, American Psychologist, 66(4), 277. 10.1037/a0023412
  54. Rousell, D. and Cutter-Mackenzie-Knowles, A., 2020, A systematic review of climate change education: Giving children and young people a ‘voice’and a ‘hand’in redressing climate change, Children’s Geographies, 18(2), 191-208. 10.1080/14733285.2019.1614532
  55. Sanson, A.V., Burke, S.E., and Van Hoorn, J., 2018, Climate change: Implications for parents and parenting, Parenting, 18(3), 200-217. 10.1080/15295192.2018.1465307
  56. Sanson, A.V., Van Hoorn, J., and Burke, S.E., 2019, Responding to the impacts of the climate crisis on children and youth, Child Development Perspectives, 13(4), 201-207. 10.1111/cdep.12342
  57. Selby, D., Jones, P., and Kagawa, F., 2009, Sustainability promotion and branding: Messaging challenges and possibilities for higher education institutions, Sustainability, 1(3), 537-555. 10.3390/su1030537
  58. Sjöberg, J., 1999, Analysis of large scale rock slopes, Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Luleå tekniska universitet.
  59. Slovic, P., Fischhoff, B., Lichtenstein, S., Corrigan, B., and Combs, B., 1977, Preference for insuring against probable small losses: Insurance implications, Journal of Risk and insurance, 44(2), 237-258. 10.2307/252136
  60. Smith, N. and Leiserowitz, A., 2012, The rise of global warming skepticism: Exploring affective image associations in the United States over time, Risk Analysis: An International Journal, 32(6), 1021-1032. 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2012.01801.x
  61. Steffen, W., Richardson, K., Rockstrom, J., Cornell, S.E., Fetzer, I., Bennett, E.M., Biggs, R., Carpenter, S.R., de Vries, W., de Wit, C.A., Folke, C., Gerten, D., Heinke, J., Mace, G.M., Persson, L.M., Ramanathan, V., Reyers, B., Sorlin, S., 2015, Planetary boundaries: guiding human development on a changing planet, Science, 347(6223). 10.1126/science.1259855
  62. USGCRP, 2009, Climate Literacy: The essential principles of climate sciences, 2nd version, U.S. Global Change Research Program.
  63. Verplanken, B., Marks, E., and Dobromir, A.I., 2020, On the nature of eco-anxiety: How constructive or unconstructive is habitual worry about global warming?, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 72, 101528. 10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101528
  64. Watts, N., Amann, M., Ayeb-Karlsson, S., Belesova, K., Bouley, T., Boykoff, M., Costello, A., 2017, The 2017 report of the lancet countdown on health and climate change: From 25 years of inaction to a global transformation for public health, The Lancet, 391, 581-630. 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32464-9
  65. Wullenkord, M.C., Tröger, J., Hamann, K.R., Loy, L.S., and Reese, G., 2021, Anxiety and climate change: A validation of the Climate Anxiety Scale in a German-speaking quota sample and an investigation of psychological correlates, Climatic Change, 168(3), 20. 10.1007/s10584-021-03234-6
  66. 탄소중립녹색성장위원회, https://www.2050cnc.go.kr/base/contents/view?contentsNo=9andmenuLevel=2andmenuNo=11
  67. 한겨레, 20223년 12월 14일자, “‘화석상’ 받은 한국, ‘단계적 퇴출’의 퇴출…COP28 14일의 기록”, https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/environment/1120440.html
  68. Ipsos MORI, 2020a, https://www.ipsos.com/ipsos-mori/en-uk/concern-about-climate-change-reaches-record-levels-half-now-very-concerned
  69. Ipsos MORI, 2020b, https://www.ipsos.com/ipsos-mori/en-uk/two-thirds-britons-believe-climate-change-serious-coronavirus-and-majority-want-climate-prioritised
  70. Ministry for the Environment, 2018, Understanding New Zealanders’ attitudes to the environment. Ministry for the Environment. https://environment.govt.nz/facts-and-science/science-and-data/understanding-new-zealanders-attitudes-to-the-environment/
  71. OECD, 2018, The future of education and skills-Education 2030, https://www.oecd.org
  72. OECD, 2019, Future of education and skills 2030, Concept note: Student agency for 2030, https://www.oecd.org
  73. UNICEF Australia, 2019, A climate for change - 2019 young ambassadors report. UNICEF Australia, https://www.unicef.org.au/our-work/unicef-in-australia/a-climate-for-change
Information
  • Publisher :The Association of Korean Geographers
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국지리학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Association of Korean Geographers
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국지리학회지
  • Volume : 13
  • No :3
  • Pages :255~269
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.25202/JAKG.13.3.4
Journal Informaiton Journal of the Association of Korean Geographers Journal of the Association of Korean Geographers
Online Submission
  • NRF
  • KISTI Current Status
  • KISTI Cited-by
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close